Summarized from the NOAA.gov website:
Charles Schott was born in Mannheim, Baden, Germany in 1826. He was a graduate of the University of Karlsruhe. In 1848, he joined the Coast Survey. In 1856, he was appointed Chief of the Computing Division, On December 31, 1899 he resigned after 52 years of service.
He was a world known expert on the earth's magnetic field and carried out numerous field surveys in the eastern United States. He was instrumental in establishing magnetic observatories at Madison, Wisconsin and Los Angeles, California. In 1881, he developed a contact compensating base line measuring apparatus of unique design that bears his name. It was used in the same year to measure the YOLO base in California. Much of his work involved geodetic computations, especially the adjustment of the observations and investigations of the results. One examination carried out in 1878 and 1879 relative to geodetic and astronomic data on the Eastern Oblique arc provided information for establishing the first national datum and showed that the Clarke spheroid of 1866 was a better fit for the United States better than the Bessel spheroid of 1841 that was then in use.
The datum was named the New England datum of 1879 and was the basis for all subsequent datums until 1983. The Clarke spheroid of 1866 continues to provide the best fit for the continental United States, although the Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS 80) was adopted in 1983 for other reasons.
Schott was the author of more than 160 scientific articles, papers and reports including two volumes detailing the results of the primary triangulation. The volumes are The Transcontinental Triangulation and the American Arc of Parallel Sp. Publication No.4 1900, 871pages and The Eastern Oblique Arc of the United States and the Osculating Spheroid Sp. Publication No. 7 1902, 394 pages. He died in 1902.
Summarized from the NOAA.gov website:
Charles Schott was born in Mannheim, Baden, Germany in 1826. He was a graduate of the University of Karlsruhe. In 1848, he joined the Coast Survey. In 1856, he was appointed Chief of the Computing Division, On December 31, 1899 he resigned after 52 years of service.
He was a world known expert on the earth's magnetic field and carried out numerous field surveys in the eastern United States. He was instrumental in establishing magnetic observatories at Madison, Wisconsin and Los Angeles, California. In 1881, he developed a contact compensating base line measuring apparatus of unique design that bears his name. It was used in the same year to measure the YOLO base in California. Much of his work involved geodetic computations, especially the adjustment of the observations and investigations of the results. One examination carried out in 1878 and 1879 relative to geodetic and astronomic data on the Eastern Oblique arc provided information for establishing the first national datum and showed that the Clarke spheroid of 1866 was a better fit for the United States better than the Bessel spheroid of 1841 that was then in use.
The datum was named the New England datum of 1879 and was the basis for all subsequent datums until 1983. The Clarke spheroid of 1866 continues to provide the best fit for the continental United States, although the Geodetic Reference System of 1980 (GRS 80) was adopted in 1983 for other reasons.
Schott was the author of more than 160 scientific articles, papers and reports including two volumes detailing the results of the primary triangulation. The volumes are The Transcontinental Triangulation and the American Arc of Parallel Sp. Publication No.4 1900, 871pages and The Eastern Oblique Arc of the United States and the Osculating Spheroid Sp. Publication No. 7 1902, 394 pages. He died in 1902.
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